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1
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A CINEBIOGRAPHY OF

2
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SÉRGIO BUARQUE DE HOLANDA

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Sérgio didn't like very much
the idea that he was getting old

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and that he'd eventually die.

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Lots of people were asking him
things about the past,

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so it dawned on me that time
was of the essence.

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They asked him lots of nonsense
and even published lies about him.

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I told him,
"Sérgio, the time has come.

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You have to ask Francisco
Barbosa to write the foreword

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00:01:02,574 --> 00:01:06,567
to the Venezuelan edition
of 'Visão do Paraíso'.

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00:01:06,778 --> 00:01:09,975
Please let us know
what you want to mention,

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00:01:10,182 --> 00:01:13,845
the dates,
your friends you were fond of,

13
00:01:14,052 --> 00:01:16,179
the things you liked to do..."

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So he said in that peculiar way
of his, "Everything that 's in here".

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NOTES FOR THE CHRONOLOGY OF S.

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(PER REQUEST OF CHICO BARBOSA)

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Father - Cristóvão Buarque de Holanda,
born in Pernambuco,

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was a young man when he moved
to Rio and studied medicine,

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course he did not complete.

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Invited by Cesário Motta,
he moved to São Paulo

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to work for the
Public Health Service.

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He was one of the founders of the
Pharmacy and Dentistry School

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where he taught botany.

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He retired in 1922

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and died in Rio de Janeiro in 1932.

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Heloisa Gonçalves Moreira
Buarque de Holanda,

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born in Niterói,
became an orphan at a young age

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and was brought up by her godparents
who lived in São Paulo.

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She got married in 19O1
and died in Rio in 1957.

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Besides Sérgio, the couple
had another son, Jaime,

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and a daughter, Cecília.

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Sérgio was born July 11th, 19O2,
at São Joaquim Street

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00:02:40,238 --> 00:02:43,071
in the Liberdade neighborhood.

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The first school he attended
was the Progresso Brasileiro

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Shool Kindergarten
at Guaianazes square,

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an American School headed
by Mrs. Bagby.

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A spacious garden full of trees,
boys and girls playing together.

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A large cart drawn by horses
transported the children."

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He went to Elementary School
at the Escola Modelo

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Caetano de Campos
at the Republic square.

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Sérgio's first production
was a musical composition,

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a waltz called "Victória Régia",
written at the age of nine

43
00:03:25,016 --> 00:03:26,779
and published in the
"Tico-Tico" magazine.

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Junior high school was mostly
attended at the São Bento School

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in addition to a semester
at the Arquideocesano School

46
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at the Luz neighborhood.

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At the São Bento school,
the atmosphere was friendly

48
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and discipline was supple.

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Among the priests, we can
highlight the sympathetic

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D. Pedro Eggerath,
D. Domingos de Silos Schelhorn,

51
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D. Amaro van Emelem
and D. Lourenço Lumini.

52
00:04:06,725 --> 00:04:09,626
The unpleasent recollections
are credited to

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D. Bernardo and the layman,
Vassourinha,

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the discipline enforcers.

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00:04:15,634 --> 00:04:18,159
Among the schoolmasters,
there are pleasant recollections of

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Afonso de Taunay, history teacher,
probably his favorite subject,

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ÁIvaro Guerra,
Portuguese teacher,

58
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and José Ladislau Peter,
Latin and German teacher.

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00:04:30,248 --> 00:04:34,810
Allongside school life,
the streets of Higienópolis,

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the stone tiled streets,
the 21 streetcar,

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friends living in big houses
with gardens and yards.

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Vacations were
usually spent in Santos,

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where an uncle
on his mother's side lived.

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00:05:04,149 --> 00:05:08,142
Twice during his childhood
he visited the farm Tubaca,

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which was owned by the Rodrigues
Dias family in São José do Rio Pardo.

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00:05:14,726 --> 00:05:20,255
"The attempt to instill European
culture in such vast territory

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is, regarding the formation
of the Brazilian society,

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one of the predominant facts,
and the most fruitful in developments."

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Childhood entertainment
matinês at movie theaters.

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The Central at Anhangabaú,

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the Royal on
Sebastião Pereira street,

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the High Life at the Arouche square
and walks to Perdizes

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across the marshes
at Pacaembu Valley.

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At Tiro 35, he met Fausto
de Almeida Prado Penteado,

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who introduced him to his cousin
Yan de Almeida Prado.

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Sérgio learned to dance
at the Yvonne Daumerie course

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and became an aficionado.

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From one of those dancing
matinês remains the echo

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of a festive celebration.

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Amid festivities news
came in that Edu Chaves

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for the first time
in the history of aviation

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having taken off in Rio
flew all the way to Buenos Aires.

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The refinement of the personality
seems to comprise

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the most decisive feature
in the evolution

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of the Hispanic people, our ancestors,
since immemorial times.

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He began to establish
relationships with

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people who became friends
and companions for the rest of his life.

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Guilherme de Almeida,
Tácito de Almeida,

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Rubens Borba de Moraes.

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Infrequent appearances
of Sérgio Milliet

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and acquaintances
with Mário de Andrade

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and Oswald de Andrade.

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All the result from our work
or from our laziness

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seems to take part in
an evolutionary system

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particular to another climate
and to another atmosphere.

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The group frequented
the Fazzolli pastry shop

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on São Bento street, sometimes
the Pinoni or the Vienense.

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Aside that, literary gatherings
at the law firm of

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Estevão de Almeida,
father of Guilherme and Tácito,

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where there was
a warning sign that read,

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"In this office
we only deal with law".

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Sérgio published his first article
in the "Correio Paulistano"

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thanks to the support of Afonso
de Taunay, his former teacher

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and friend of his father.

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Sérgio was at the time
eighteen years old.

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Reading this text, we can better
understand the ideas

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that would later constitute
"Raízes do Brasil".

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He ends the text as follows,

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"Brazil will surely attain
its own national literature.

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It will surely achieve,
sooner or later, literary originality.

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00:08:16,641 --> 00:08:20,668
The inspiration by national issues,
the respect for our traditions

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and submission
to the calling of the race

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will accelerate that outcome."

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Working alongside with Guilherme
made it comfortable for him

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00:08:31,756 --> 00:08:35,920
to write for several papers:
The "Correio Paulistano",

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"A Cigarra", and "Revista do Brasil".

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The following text
was written in 192O.

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"It is noteworthy that
when a nation attracted

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by the eminence or by the progress
achieved by another

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of different race will imitate
its characteristic traits.

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It will seek the most deleterious
and incompatible qualities

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in that other nation."

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In Brazil, the act of copycatting
everything that is foreign,

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unlike any other nation,

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is the characteristic trait

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we can trace in this society
in development

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called the Brazilian People.

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In 1921, the Buarque de Holanda
family moved definitively

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to Rio de Janeiro to Marquês
de São Vicente street.

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Sérgio states that
it was a nice old house

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with an orchard and a streem running
through the back yard.

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In the same year of 1921,
Sérgio enrolled himself

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in Law School at the Catete Street.

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There he met the great personality

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Edgardo de Castro Rebelo,
at the time his professor

136
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and later close friend.

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00:10:07,986 --> 00:10:11,547
Among Sérgio's classmates:
Vasco Leitão da Cunha,

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00:10:11,756 --> 00:10:14,953
Prado Kelly,
Mário da Costa Guimarães,

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00:10:15,660 --> 00:10:21,155
José Bonifácio O. De Andrade,
Francisco Soares Brandão,

140
00:10:21,566 --> 00:10:25,866
ÁIvaro Teixeira Soares,
Waldemar da Rocha Barros.

141
00:10:26,070 --> 00:10:31,633
José Maria Lopes Cansado,
Sérgio da Rocha Miranda.

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00:10:31,843 --> 00:10:35,643
Sérgio was never
a dedicated pupil.

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Rodrigo Melo Franco de Andrade
observed playfully

144
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his total inaptitude
in the field of law.

145
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It was in law school however
that Sérgio made two dear friends:

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Prudente de Moraes Neto and
Afonso Arinos de Mello Franco,

147
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both a few years younger
than himself.

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Prudente and Sérgio chatted
amid the bookshelves

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at the Garnier bookstore
where they researched

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00:11:00,905 --> 00:11:04,363
the literature that inspired
the Modernist Movement.

151
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Companion in dialogues
or in alternate monologues

152
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throughout the night,
at a table at Lamas,

153
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strolling the streets in the
Southern District neighborhoods.

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In 1924, Prudente suggested
they start a second magazine

155
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covering the Modernist Movement.

156
00:11:32,437 --> 00:11:37,431
Bumping into Graça Aranha on Rio
Branco Avenue they told him their plan.

157
00:11:37,642 --> 00:11:39,872
Graça liked the idea,
and the three of them

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discussed the issue at a table
at the Casa Carvalho

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where it was named
"Estética", by Graça.

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00:11:51,856 --> 00:11:55,053
It lasted only three editions.

161
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Almost a year of planning,
enthusiasm, tenacity,

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00:11:59,697 --> 00:12:02,291
and finally, desistance.

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This attempt at a modernist
magazine was not the first.

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00:12:06,771 --> 00:12:11,140
In 1922, the São Paulo
group named Sérgio

165
00:12:11,342 --> 00:12:14,175
the "Klaxon" representative in Rio

166
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where the subscriber number one
was Rodrigo Otávio Filho.

167
00:12:19,284 --> 00:12:23,744
The young Sérgio Buarque
belonged to a generation

168
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that relinquished some canons,
some structures, at a certain stage.

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00:12:29,661 --> 00:12:30,958
But this text written
in 1926 called

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00:12:31,162 --> 00:12:32,925
"The Side Opposite
to the Other Sides",

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Sérgio parts within
the Modernist Movement,

172
00:12:35,733 --> 00:12:38,930
he relinquishes
its "academicizing" tendency

173
00:12:39,137 --> 00:12:44,006
stating, "It is my opinion that shortly

174
00:12:44,208 --> 00:12:48,235
we will surely attain an art
of national expression.

175
00:12:48,446 --> 00:12:52,007
It will not emerge,
evidently, as per our will,

176
00:12:52,216 --> 00:12:55,777
but most probably
due to our indifference.

177
00:12:55,987 --> 00:12:57,852
This doesn't mean
that our indifference,

178
00:12:58,056 --> 00:13:00,388
especially our absolute indifference,

179
00:13:00,591 --> 00:13:03,185
will emerge inevitably
as a national expression

180
00:13:03,394 --> 00:13:05,589
meeting everyone's expectations.

181
00:13:05,797 --> 00:13:08,960
My revolt is against all those
who believe they possess it

182
00:13:09,167 --> 00:13:12,500
in their minds in a definite
configuration.

183
00:13:12,704 --> 00:13:15,400
They suggest they know
all its features by heart,

184
00:13:15,606 --> 00:13:20,043
its incalculable riches
and even its limitations.

185
00:13:20,244 --> 00:13:21,905
They want to offer us
these left-overs,

186
00:13:22,113 --> 00:13:25,139
instead of the reality
we could expect from them.

187
00:13:27,018 --> 00:13:29,384
Sérgio would often meet
with Ribeiro Couto

188
00:13:29,587 --> 00:13:32,021
who once introduced him
to Manuel Bandeira

189
00:13:32,223 --> 00:13:34,555
at the corner of Rio Branco Avenue
and São José Street.

190
00:13:35,159 --> 00:13:39,095
They rapidly became friends,
and Sérgio wrote about him:

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00:13:39,297 --> 00:13:42,892
"Manuel Bandeira occupies
a wonderful position

192
00:13:43,101 --> 00:13:48,403
in national literature as the founder
of the Modernist Movement."

193
00:13:49,040 --> 00:13:52,168
Shortly afterwards Sérgio
introduced Manuel to Prudente.

194
00:13:52,377 --> 00:13:54,845
"The President 's grandson",
laughed Manuel,

195
00:13:55,046 --> 00:13:58,015
and all three headed
for the Café Chave de Ouro.

196
00:13:58,216 --> 00:14:03,085
Manuel shortly became a close
friend to Sérgio and Prudente.

197
00:14:03,721 --> 00:14:08,988
The true and authentic nobility doesn't
need to transcend the individual.

198
00:14:09,193 --> 00:14:12,685
It depends on the individual's
personal efforts and capabilities,

199
00:14:12,897 --> 00:14:15,331
for the individual's
eminence is worthier

200
00:14:15,533 --> 00:14:17,262
than inherited eminence.

201
00:14:18,169 --> 00:14:19,932
Sérgio's association
with his "Paulista"

202
00:14:20,138 --> 00:14:23,039
friends continued for a while.

203
00:14:23,775 --> 00:14:26,369
Around 1922,
Guilherme got married,

204
00:14:26,577 --> 00:14:29,808
romantically,
with Baby Barroso do Amaral,

205
00:14:30,014 --> 00:14:33,177
who was immediately' adopted
and cherrished by all his friends.

206
00:14:33,484 --> 00:14:37,545
"What prevails is the old notion
that idleness is more important

207
00:14:37,755 --> 00:14:42,852
than business and that productive
activity is less worthy

208
00:14:43,060 --> 00:14:46,188
than contemplation and love."

209
00:15:07,385 --> 00:15:11,719
"It was the period when Arthur
Bernardes governed Brazil.

210
00:15:11,923 --> 00:15:16,257
The focus was on politics,
modern art and literature.

211
00:15:16,461 --> 00:15:20,158
The literary and philosophical
source was mainly French.

212
00:15:20,364 --> 00:15:21,661
With some exceptions.

213
00:15:21,866 --> 00:15:25,267
Couto de Barros, for instance,
was fond of the English.

214
00:15:25,470 --> 00:15:27,631
Mário de Andrade
was interested in all of them,

215
00:15:27,839 --> 00:15:30,330
including the Germans
and the Americans.

216
00:15:30,541 --> 00:15:33,442
Oswald and Menotti were interested
in the Italians to a certain extent.

217
00:15:33,644 --> 00:15:37,978
They read Proust, the poetry
of Valéry and Claudel.

218
00:15:38,182 --> 00:15:42,175
They read the avant-garde group:
Apollinaire, Cocteau, Cendrars...

219
00:15:42,386 --> 00:15:46,413
And the surrealists:
Breton, Aragon, Éluard...

220
00:15:46,624 --> 00:15:50,253
On whom Prudente
and Sérgio specialized.

221
00:15:50,461 --> 00:15:53,430
Among the English authors,
Conrad, Thomas Hardy,

222
00:15:53,631 --> 00:15:56,794
Catherine Mansfield,
Galsworthy, Yeats...

223
00:15:57,001 --> 00:16:01,665
The Irishman Synge,
Bernard Shaw, T. S. Elliot.

224
00:16:01,873 --> 00:16:05,866
They read the magazines
"Chriterion" and "The Adelphi",

225
00:16:06,077 --> 00:16:08,875
Subscribed by the
bookstore Crashley.

226
00:16:09,080 --> 00:16:13,016
Among American authors,
Dreiser and Sherwood Anderson.

227
00:16:13,217 --> 00:16:16,744
The Russians Tchecov,
Dostoiewsky and Tolstoi.

228
00:16:16,954 --> 00:16:19,445
The German authors were read
more for research purposes.

229
00:16:19,657 --> 00:16:23,388
Theodor Lessing,
lent by Alceu Amoroso Lima,

230
00:16:23,594 --> 00:16:25,755
The Dutchman Huysinga...

231
00:16:25,963 --> 00:16:31,060
The Russian philosophers
Rosanov and Chestov.

232
00:16:37,275 --> 00:16:39,675
"The will to give orders
and the disposition

233
00:16:39,877 --> 00:16:44,644
to obey orders are equally
peculiar to him.

234
00:16:44,849 --> 00:16:51,084
Dictatorships and the Holly Office
seem to fit his character

235
00:16:51,289 --> 00:16:54,884
as well as his inclination
to anarchy and disorder."

236
00:16:55,526 --> 00:16:58,393
"Graça Aranha, happy to socialize
with the younger ones,

237
00:16:58,596 --> 00:17:01,759
frequently invited them
to the Hotel dos Estrangeiros

238
00:17:01,966 --> 00:17:05,060
across the José de Alencar square,
with its tea tables

239
00:17:05,269 --> 00:17:07,829
and wicker chairs lined
along the broad sidewalk,

240
00:17:08,039 --> 00:17:10,473
underneath a canopy of large trees.

241
00:17:10,675 --> 00:17:14,805
Through Graça, Sérgio met
Paulo Prado, who lent him

242
00:17:15,012 --> 00:17:17,640
"Ulysses", by Joyce.

243
00:17:17,848 --> 00:17:20,078
Yan de Almeida Prado
was also a regular there.

244
00:17:20,551 --> 00:17:24,510
Marinetti, Pirandello and
Blaise Cendrars visited Brazil

245
00:17:24,722 --> 00:17:28,021
and the group of young men
was always present.

246
00:17:28,459 --> 00:17:34,523
Sérgio recalls he interviewed Pirandello
and Cendrars for "O Jornal".

247
00:17:34,732 --> 00:17:37,667
"That exploration of the tropics
was not carried out, actually,

248
00:17:37,868 --> 00:17:41,326
by means of a methodical
and rational enterprise.

249
00:17:41,539 --> 00:17:44,872
It did not emanate from a constructive
and energetic will.

250
00:17:45,076 --> 00:17:49,103
Rather it was performed carelessly
and with abandonment.

251
00:17:49,313 --> 00:17:53,682
One could say it was performed
despite its authors."

252
00:17:59,357 --> 00:18:02,349
Parallel to his studies
and his job as a journalist,

253
00:18:02,560 --> 00:18:06,428
Sérgio led an intense social life.

254
00:18:07,064 --> 00:18:09,760
At night he was a regular at Lamas
at Largo do Machado,

255
00:18:09,967 --> 00:18:13,562
where in addition to Prudente,
Afonso Arinos,

256
00:18:13,771 --> 00:18:16,501
Edmundo da Luz Pinto,
Gilberto Amado

257
00:18:16,707 --> 00:18:18,732
and Fernando Nabuco de Abreu
always came by.

258
00:18:18,943 --> 00:18:21,411
There he met Cândido Portinari,

259
00:18:21,612 --> 00:18:25,013
an obscure student
at the Fine Arts School.

260
00:18:25,216 --> 00:18:28,242
In the afternoons, he'd go to the Bar
Nacional and sometimes to the Brahma,

261
00:18:28,853 --> 00:18:31,048
where he would meet with
Manuel Bandeira, Oswaldo Costa,

262
00:18:31,255 --> 00:18:35,658
Dodô Barroso do Amaral,
Di Cavalcanti, Jaime Ovale,

263
00:18:35,860 --> 00:18:40,160
Aporelly, the Baron of Itararé,
Gastão Cruls, Gilberto Amado,

264
00:18:40,364 --> 00:18:42,889
Graça Aranha, Antônio Torres,

265
00:18:43,100 --> 00:18:46,536
and less frequently the precursor
among the feminine gender,

266
00:18:46,737 --> 00:18:50,264
Germaninha Bittencourt,
celebrated by all.

267
00:18:50,508 --> 00:18:52,135
There was always
something to discuss.

268
00:18:52,343 --> 00:18:56,370
Politics, art, literature, worldly

269
00:18:56,580 --> 00:18:59,606
and private events.

270
00:19:01,485 --> 00:19:05,353
"Work and adventure.
The adventurer's ideal

271
00:19:05,556 --> 00:19:09,617
is to harvest the fruit
without planting the tree.

272
00:19:10,194 --> 00:19:12,059
The worker is the one
who comprehends

273
00:19:12,263 --> 00:19:17,064
the task ahead of him,
and not the triumph to be achieved.

274
00:19:17,268 --> 00:19:21,864
His visual field
is naturally restricted.

275
00:19:22,740 --> 00:19:25,766
The part larger than the whole."

276
00:19:27,178 --> 00:19:30,170
Alongside the bohemianism,
he had to see to his livelihood.

277
00:19:30,381 --> 00:19:32,315
In his case, journalism.

278
00:19:32,516 --> 00:19:36,748
Arriving at Rio, Sérgio started
working for the "Rio Jornal",

279
00:19:37,722 --> 00:19:41,453
where he wrote chronicles
and did interviews.

280
00:19:41,659 --> 00:19:45,220
Sérgio also collaborated with
the "Idéia Ilustrada" magazine,

281
00:19:45,429 --> 00:19:49,695
owned by Cláudio Ganns
and Américo Facó,

282
00:19:49,900 --> 00:19:53,427
who introduced Sérgio
at the Havas Agency.

283
00:19:55,206 --> 00:19:57,401
Then a picturesque episode
occurred when Sérgio

284
00:19:57,608 --> 00:20:03,376
was arrested at the Catete Palace
during the 1924 revolution

285
00:20:03,581 --> 00:20:06,311
when he was mistaken for another
employee at the Havas Agency,

286
00:20:06,517 --> 00:20:09,953
an anarchist and foe to Bernardes.

287
00:20:10,154 --> 00:20:13,123
The next morning, many of Sérgio's
friends at the Bar Nacional

288
00:20:13,324 --> 00:20:16,919
showed up at the police station
to get him out of custody.

289
00:20:17,228 --> 00:20:20,925
Later Sérgio went to work
for "United Press"

290
00:20:21,132 --> 00:20:26,365
and befriended Múcio Leão
and Austregésilo de Ataíde.

291
00:20:27,505 --> 00:20:30,303
At the same time he collaborated
with "O Jornal",

292
00:20:30,508 --> 00:20:34,274
owned by Chateaubriand, with
Rodrigo Melo Franco de Andrade

293
00:20:34,478 --> 00:20:37,106
as Chief Executive Officer.

294
00:20:37,848 --> 00:20:42,114
It was during that period
that Sérgio befriended

295
00:20:42,319 --> 00:20:47,382
Alceu Amoroso Lima, alias
Tristão de Ataíde, the literary critic.

296
00:20:48,025 --> 00:20:53,224
"Sinuous even in violence,
social virtue denying,

297
00:20:53,430 --> 00:20:58,333
contemporizing and narcotizing
any actually productive energy,

298
00:20:58,536 --> 00:21:01,972
the 'slave quarters morals'
then ruled the administration,

299
00:21:02,173 --> 00:21:06,109
the economy and the religious
beliefs of man.

300
00:21:06,310 --> 00:21:09,473
The very creation of the world
had been, in their understanding,

301
00:21:09,680 --> 00:21:14,208
a kind of abandonment,
a languishment by God."

302
00:21:15,419 --> 00:21:19,515
Working for 'O Jornal', Sérgio
visited the state of Minas Gerais

303
00:21:19,723 --> 00:21:24,592
where he befriended Pedro Nava,
Carlos Drummond de Andrade,

304
00:21:24,795 --> 00:21:28,322
Emílio Moura and João Alphonsus.

305
00:21:28,833 --> 00:21:30,630
One day Sérgio lost his mind.

306
00:21:30,835 --> 00:21:32,803
He gave away his books
to his friends

307
00:21:33,204 --> 00:21:35,695
and accepted a position
as chief editor of the newspaper

308
00:21:35,906 --> 00:21:40,639
"O Progresso" in Cachoeiro
do Itapemirim, in Espírito Santo.

309
00:21:40,845 --> 00:21:44,508
Because of "O Progresso",
Sérgio was nicknamed

310
00:21:44,715 --> 00:21:50,051
"Dr. Progresso", and that 's how Rubem
Braga calls him up to this very day.

311
00:21:51,388 --> 00:21:55,791
"The family frame becomes
so powerful and demanding

312
00:21:55,993 --> 00:21:58,223
that it casts its shadow
on its members

313
00:21:58,429 --> 00:22:01,091
even outside the domestic premises.

314
00:22:01,298 --> 00:22:06,292
The private entity always has
precedence over the public entity."

315
00:22:09,540 --> 00:22:10,973
When Sérgio returned
from Espírito Santo,

316
00:22:11,175 --> 00:22:14,906
he resumed his career
as a journalist

317
00:22:15,112 --> 00:22:19,378
writing stories, interviewing people,
sometimes in other cities,

318
00:22:19,583 --> 00:22:23,110
and writing a daily chronicle,
"The Senators Day".

319
00:22:23,520 --> 00:22:26,455
Sérgio, back in Rio,
started buying new books.

320
00:22:26,657 --> 00:22:28,522
The first books that make up
his present collection.

321
00:22:29,159 --> 00:22:30,683
Sérgio reestablished his professional
and social contacts

322
00:22:30,895 --> 00:22:34,023
interrupted by a semester
spent in Espírito Santo.

323
00:22:34,231 --> 00:22:36,756
In that occasion
emerged Gilberto Freyre

324
00:22:36,967 --> 00:22:39,697
introducing the "The New",
from the state of Piauí.

325
00:22:39,904 --> 00:22:42,168
Gilberto didn't spend much time
in Rio on account of being

326
00:22:42,373 --> 00:22:46,571
a cabinet member of the governor
of Pernambuco, Estácio Coimbra.

327
00:22:46,777 --> 00:22:48,369
He'd make fast trips.

328
00:22:48,779 --> 00:22:54,513
"The patriarchal family establishes
the political model upon which

329
00:22:54,718 --> 00:22:57,152
the relations between government
and its constituency

330
00:22:57,354 --> 00:23:00,187
and between monarchs
and their subjects."

331
00:23:03,360 --> 00:23:07,763
In 1929, Chateaubriand invited
Sérgio to travel to Germany,

332
00:23:07,965 --> 00:23:12,868
Poland and Russia and work
as correspondent to "O Jornal".

333
00:23:13,070 --> 00:23:16,972
He boarded the Cap Ancona, in June.

334
00:23:18,509 --> 00:23:21,342
Sérgio's first sighting
of the port of Hamburg

335
00:23:21,545 --> 00:23:26,141
reflects clearly the strong will
to act and to accomplish

336
00:23:26,350 --> 00:23:28,750
generated by the prosperity that
emerges along the banks

337
00:23:28,953 --> 00:23:29,977
of the river Elba.

338
00:23:55,346 --> 00:23:59,544
Sérgio didn't get his papers
on time to go to Russia,

339
00:23:59,750 --> 00:24:02,150
but in September
he travelled to Poland.

340
00:24:02,353 --> 00:24:06,221
With a free railroad pass,
Sérgio covered most of the country.

341
00:24:06,423 --> 00:24:08,721
Sérgio had terrible recollections
of the cold weather

342
00:24:08,926 --> 00:24:12,555
...that caused a devastating flu.
- When Sérgio returned to Berlin,

343
00:24:12,763 --> 00:24:16,358
the embassy appointed him
to work for the magazine "Duco",

344
00:24:16,567 --> 00:24:19,161
which was published
in German and Portuguese

345
00:24:19,370 --> 00:24:23,739
and specialized in German-Brazilian
commercial relations.

346
00:24:23,941 --> 00:24:28,002
Later, Sérgio translated several
screenplays of films produced by Ufa.

347
00:24:28,212 --> 00:24:33,013
Among them, "Blue Angel",
with Marlene Dietrich.

348
00:24:35,586 --> 00:24:39,215
"The movie industry
attracted for a while

349
00:24:39,423 --> 00:24:43,120
the interest of the Germans,
to the point of inciting them

350
00:24:43,327 --> 00:24:46,091
to rival the Los Angeles
productions.

351
00:24:46,296 --> 00:24:49,390
Such an attempt, with the appearence
of the talking movies

352
00:24:49,600 --> 00:24:53,866
seems destined to failure.

353
00:24:54,638 --> 00:24:58,335
Only ten percent of the movie
theaters were capable at this

354
00:24:58,542 --> 00:25:00,874
point of purchasing
the expensive audio equipment

355
00:25:01,078 --> 00:25:02,375
for talking movies.

356
00:25:02,579 --> 00:25:07,175
Meanwhile,
Al Jolson sings four times a day

357
00:25:07,384 --> 00:25:09,113
and the strophs of 'Sonny Boy'

358
00:25:09,553 --> 00:25:14,320
before the weepy eyes
of West Berlin."

359
00:25:15,292 --> 00:25:18,921
The correspondence was scarce,

360
00:25:19,129 --> 00:25:21,927
but Sérgio managed to contact
interesting people.

361
00:25:22,132 --> 00:25:23,861
"The result of the inquest
posed by the magazine

362
00:25:24,068 --> 00:25:29,165
'Litereirich Welt ' is one
of the many samples

363
00:25:29,373 --> 00:25:32,740
of the will for peace and harmony
among the peoples,

364
00:25:32,943 --> 00:25:36,743
which characterizes the spiritual
element of modern Germany.

365
00:25:37,481 --> 00:25:39,915
No other country currently
displays such

366
00:25:40,117 --> 00:25:43,644
hospitality towards the cultural
production of other countries.

367
00:25:44,054 --> 00:25:50,721
Its borders are totally open to a
diversity of spiritual influences.

368
00:25:51,295 --> 00:25:54,128
A culture that knows no borders."

369
00:25:54,665 --> 00:25:59,728
One day, Sérgio visited Horwarth
Walden to seek information

370
00:25:59,937 --> 00:26:03,168
about the expressionist
magazine "Sturm".

371
00:26:03,540 --> 00:26:07,169
To his surprise, on the bookshelf
at the office he saw some editions

372
00:26:07,377 --> 00:26:09,572
of the "Klaxon" and the
"Estética" magazines,

373
00:26:09,913 --> 00:26:12,177
thanks to the diligence
of Mário de Andrade

374
00:26:12,382 --> 00:26:16,182
who exchanged correspondence
with the editors of "Sturm".

375
00:26:17,221 --> 00:26:19,917
Now and then,
Sérgio would attend to History

376
00:26:20,124 --> 00:26:22,820
and Social Sciences classes
at the University of Berlin.

377
00:26:23,827 --> 00:26:26,853
Some classes were taught
by Friedrich Meinecke,

378
00:26:27,064 --> 00:26:29,464
History professor.

379
00:26:29,766 --> 00:26:32,428
Once Sérgio became familiar
with the local language,

380
00:26:32,636 --> 00:26:34,365
he began to read books
written by German authors:

381
00:26:34,571 --> 00:26:39,304
Meinecke, Max Weber,
the critic Gundolf,

382
00:26:39,510 --> 00:26:45,142
and in fiction, Kafka, Rilke,
Hofmannsthal, Stefan George.

383
00:26:50,120 --> 00:26:53,521
In Berlin, Sérgio lived
a period of great mundane

384
00:26:53,724 --> 00:26:58,093
and bohemian euphoria, surrounded
by girlfriends and foreign friends.

385
00:27:01,498 --> 00:27:05,400
SÉRGIO BUARQUE'S VOICE
FAMILY RECORD

386
00:27:59,856 --> 00:28:03,485
At the same time, he witnessed
the emergence of Nazism

387
00:28:03,694 --> 00:28:07,755
with the party reaching the highest
ranks among the most voted."

388
00:28:07,965 --> 00:28:11,162
"Everything in this country
depends mainly

389
00:28:11,368 --> 00:28:14,633
on an ideological foundation.

390
00:28:15,439 --> 00:28:17,873
He certainly was not
a theoretician,

391
00:28:18,075 --> 00:28:21,943
but it wasn't hard to find
one to support the principles

392
00:28:22,145 --> 00:28:25,171
that would lead him to victory.

393
00:28:26,149 --> 00:28:28,845
The same way the Marxist
were inspired by Marx,

394
00:28:29,052 --> 00:28:32,510
the National Socialists
adopted Alfred Rosenberg

395
00:28:32,723 --> 00:28:36,955
with his book 'Das dritte Reich'
('The Third Empire'),

396
00:28:37,160 --> 00:28:40,152
in addition to which works
by political theoreticians

397
00:28:40,364 --> 00:28:43,822
or not, popular brochures
about anti-Semitism,

398
00:28:44,101 --> 00:28:46,831
the Catholic Church
and freemasonry

399
00:28:47,037 --> 00:28:50,939
make up the essential library
of a Hitler admirer.

400
00:28:51,174 --> 00:28:53,608
However, it is unquestionable
that Hitler's faction

401
00:28:53,810 --> 00:28:59,771
is the only nationalist association
in progress in Germany today.

402
00:28:59,983 --> 00:29:02,508
The next election for the Reichstag

403
00:29:02,719 --> 00:29:04,914
will determine how much
the latest developments

404
00:29:05,122 --> 00:29:07,716
have contributed
to such progress."

405
00:29:08,859 --> 00:29:13,228
Fortunately, the German press
did not take seriously

406
00:29:13,430 --> 00:29:15,728
the news from an American source

407
00:29:15,932 --> 00:29:19,561
interpreting the Brazilian revolution
as a movement tending to

408
00:29:19,770 --> 00:29:23,467
the dismemberment of the nation
into a number of independent States.

409
00:29:23,907 --> 00:29:29,436
All the comments emphasized
the popular and largely

410
00:29:29,646 --> 00:29:31,807
generalized quality
of the movement.

411
00:29:58,408 --> 00:30:01,571
"Many representatives
of the old aristocracy

412
00:30:01,778 --> 00:30:07,148
could frequently indulge
in antitraditional inclinations

413
00:30:07,351 --> 00:30:09,342
and even to undertake
some of the most important

414
00:30:09,553 --> 00:30:14,684
liberal movements that have been
effected in our history."

415
00:30:16,360 --> 00:30:20,490
Because of the 193O Revolution,
work opportunities became scarce.

416
00:30:21,231 --> 00:30:25,998
Sérgio was forced to return
to Brazil during Christmas of 193O.

417
00:30:26,603 --> 00:30:29,037
On his way back,
was born in Berlin

418
00:30:29,239 --> 00:30:35,667
Sérgio Georg Ernst, his son
with Anne Margerithe Ernst,

419
00:30:37,447 --> 00:30:41,679
Chronicle by Manuel Bandeira
entitled: "Interview with Sérgio

420
00:30:41,885 --> 00:30:45,150
on a tram in Gávea at 1:3O AM"...

421
00:30:45,922 --> 00:30:51,519
Brazilians who live a modest life,
talk to Sérgio!

422
00:30:51,728 --> 00:30:54,424
He will tell you things
that will make you drool

423
00:30:54,631 --> 00:30:57,395
with amazing details
such as the sale

424
00:30:57,601 --> 00:31:00,968
in automatic machines
located in many places

425
00:31:01,171 --> 00:31:03,332
such as cafés,
bars in the streets,

426
00:31:03,540 --> 00:31:07,806
next to mailboxes,
of a certain rubber article

427
00:31:08,011 --> 00:31:13,347
that here is sold only
in drugstores and discretely.

428
00:31:13,550 --> 00:31:18,613
There is a store that specializes
in such article on Wilhelm Strasse,

429
00:31:18,822 --> 00:31:21,985
where an enlarged model of it
measuring approximately

430
00:31:22,192 --> 00:31:25,593
one meter can be seen
at the window on display.

431
00:31:26,263 --> 00:31:30,461
All these exciting news
from Germany do not comfort me

432
00:31:30,667 --> 00:31:32,259
from my disappointment from...

433
00:31:32,469 --> 00:31:36,735
Sérgio Buarque de Holanda's
failure in invading Russia.

434
00:31:37,808 --> 00:31:40,743
Sérgio, with all his intelligence,
his culture,

435
00:31:40,944 --> 00:31:44,380
his journalistic talent,
his integrity,

436
00:31:44,581 --> 00:31:48,449
was the right man to provide us
a top quality testimony

437
00:31:48,652 --> 00:31:51,348
entirely trustworthy.

438
00:31:53,290 --> 00:31:55,417
Back in Rio, Sérgio resumed
his career as a journalist

439
00:31:55,625 --> 00:31:58,788
and worked for telegraph
agencies: Havas,

440
00:31:58,995 --> 00:32:01,862
Agência Brasileira and United Press.

441
00:32:02,966 --> 00:32:07,335
He was also chief editor of the Rio
branch of the "Jornal de Minas",

442
00:32:07,537 --> 00:32:09,164
founded and directed

443
00:32:09,372 --> 00:32:12,569
by Virgílio de Melo Franco
and Afonso Arinos.

444
00:32:13,844 --> 00:32:17,905
Among his works from that period,
in the "Revista Nova" magazine

445
00:32:18,114 --> 00:32:22,949
a short story was published,
"Viagem a Napoles", written in 1931.

446
00:32:52,449 --> 00:32:54,349
It was a time of great
Carnaval festivities,

447
00:32:54,551 --> 00:32:56,917
you had the casinos, the Lido,

448
00:32:57,120 --> 00:32:59,554
a great time at Copacabana beach..."

449
00:33:05,896 --> 00:33:12,233
1932, less than two years after
Getúlio Vargas seized power

450
00:33:12,435 --> 00:33:17,134
the entire state
of São Paulo arms itself

451
00:33:17,340 --> 00:33:20,332
demanding the reconstitutionalization
of the country.

452
00:33:20,911 --> 00:33:24,403
In 1932, Sérgio was in Rio
with his rumor launching friends

453
00:33:24,614 --> 00:33:28,710
and revolutionary rooters
and was arrested yelling cheers

454
00:33:28,919 --> 00:33:31,513
for São Paulo in mid Mangue
amid a group of friends

455
00:33:31,721 --> 00:33:34,246
such as Otávio Tarquínio de Sousa,

456
00:33:34,457 --> 00:33:36,584
Tristão da Cunha, Ribeiro Couto,

457
00:33:36,793 --> 00:33:40,889
convoying the French author,
Luc Durtain."

458
00:33:41,898 --> 00:33:47,530
In a land where all are barons, no
long lasting agreement is possible,

459
00:33:47,737 --> 00:33:51,935
unless it is settled by a respectable
and feared foreign authority."

460
00:34:13,129 --> 00:34:16,360
Please all rise for the ceremony.

461
00:34:19,569 --> 00:34:23,403
"I hereby promise to loyally
comply to the terms of the

462
00:34:23,607 --> 00:34:26,974
Federal Constitution,
to promote the well being

463
00:34:27,177 --> 00:34:30,442
of all Brazilians,
to observe the laws of Brazil

464
00:34:30,914 --> 00:34:35,476
and to sustain its integrity
and independence."

465
00:34:41,992 --> 00:34:43,857
"Democracy in Brazil
has always been

466
00:34:44,060 --> 00:34:46,324
a deplorable misunderstanding.

467
00:34:46,529 --> 00:34:49,794
A rural and semifeudal
aristocracy imported it

468
00:34:50,000 --> 00:34:55,233
and shaped it in order
to accommodate its privileges."

469
00:34:59,542 --> 00:35:04,275
In 1935, Sérgio published
in the "Espelho" magazine

470
00:35:04,481 --> 00:35:08,178
a very detailed study:
"Brazil's body and soul".

471
00:35:15,625 --> 00:35:18,321
"It is frequent among the Brazilians
who deem themselves

472
00:35:18,528 --> 00:35:21,429
intellectuals, the easiness
with which they feed on,

473
00:35:21,631 --> 00:35:25,727
at the same time,
from doctrines of distinct hues,

474
00:35:25,935 --> 00:35:27,766
and with which they sustain,
simultaneously,

475
00:35:27,971 --> 00:35:29,905
such diverse convictions."

476
00:35:30,607 --> 00:35:36,011
"November this year domestic
peace was again disturbed.

477
00:35:36,212 --> 00:35:41,081
The Third Infantry Regiment
rebels, leading other units

478
00:35:41,284 --> 00:35:43,912
in a movement
of extremist character

479
00:35:44,120 --> 00:35:45,951
and is rapidly suffocated."

480
00:35:52,862 --> 00:35:59,267
1936 - Co-author of "Em Memória de
Antonio de Alcântara Machado".

481
00:35:59,469 --> 00:36:00,697
Co-author of publication

482
00:36:00,904 --> 00:36:04,067
that celebrates
Manuel Bandeira's birthday.

483
00:36:04,274 --> 00:36:07,038
Publishes "Raízes do Brasil",
first volume of the series

484
00:36:07,243 --> 00:36:10,406
"Documentos Brasileiros",
organized by Gilberto Freyre

485
00:36:10,613 --> 00:36:12,240
who at the time worked for the
José Olympio Publishing Co...

486
00:36:12,449 --> 00:36:15,384
Marries Maria Amélia
Cesário Alvim,

487
00:36:15,585 --> 00:36:19,544
his godparents Inah and Prudente
at the religious ceremony

488
00:36:19,756 --> 00:36:22,816
and Rodrigo and Graciema
at the notary's registry.

489
00:36:23,359 --> 00:36:30,026
He started writing material
for "Raízes do Brasil" in Germany.

490
00:36:30,300 --> 00:36:31,198
He brought it back to Brasil.

491
00:36:31,401 --> 00:36:34,564
He was asked to write
an article for a new magazine

492
00:36:34,771 --> 00:36:39,231
called "Espelho",
and he used some of the material

493
00:36:39,442 --> 00:36:41,467
he brought from Germany.

494
00:36:41,678 --> 00:36:44,875
José Olympio was publishing
a new collection

495
00:36:45,081 --> 00:36:47,072
and invited Sérgio to write for it.

496
00:36:47,283 --> 00:36:52,243
I think that 's when Sérgio
started reading and writing

497
00:36:52,455 --> 00:36:57,017
more about social studies and
finished writing "Raízes do Brasil".

498
00:36:57,227 --> 00:37:01,493
He wrote on his free time

499
00:37:01,698 --> 00:37:04,963
and I played the nice bride

500
00:37:05,168 --> 00:37:07,432
who typed his work for him.

501
00:37:07,637 --> 00:37:10,128
He'd bring me those chapters,
and I'd type them

502
00:37:10,340 --> 00:37:11,773
and handed them back to him.

503
00:37:11,975 --> 00:37:17,607
He sent his work in to
the publisher gradually.

504
00:37:17,814 --> 00:37:20,874
I'm not sure if it was gradually,
but I think it was.

505
00:37:21,084 --> 00:37:26,147
He handed it all in,
the book was published...

506
00:37:26,356 --> 00:37:28,221
And that 's it. That 's the story
of "Raízes do Brasil",

507
00:37:28,424 --> 00:37:30,449
that 's still available
till today.

508
00:37:38,468 --> 00:37:43,201
"Brazil's contribution to civilization
will be cordiality.

509
00:37:43,406 --> 00:37:45,567
We will give the world
the cordial man.

510
00:37:47,243 --> 00:37:49,143
It would be a mistake
to suppose that such virtues

511
00:37:49,345 --> 00:37:53,179
may imply good manners."

512
00:37:54,951 --> 00:37:57,886
Throughout that year,
they lived in an apartment

513
00:37:58,087 --> 00:38:00,385
at the beginning of
N. S. De Copacabana avenue.

514
00:38:00,590 --> 00:38:02,888
Manuel Banderia
was a regular there.

515
00:38:03,293 --> 00:38:07,491
Madame Blanc, his great passion,
lived on the 5th floor.

516
00:38:08,698 --> 00:38:10,131
As a rendezvous for chatting
on their free time

517
00:38:10,333 --> 00:38:13,530
they chose the José Olympio
bookstore on Ouvidor street.

518
00:38:13,736 --> 00:38:16,967
Múcio, Portinari and Vinícius
dropped by often.

519
00:38:17,173 --> 00:38:20,506
So did the 'the northern ones:
Graciliano Ramos

520
00:38:20,710 --> 00:38:25,647
José Lins do Rego, Luís Jardim,
Rachel de Queiroz...

521
00:38:26,182 --> 00:38:30,619
In days of political turmoil,
Getúlio Vargas, with the support

522
00:38:30,820 --> 00:38:35,154
of a few generals, among them
Gaspar Dutra and Góes Monteiro,

523
00:38:35,358 --> 00:38:37,451
dissolves the house of
representatives and the senate

524
00:38:37,660 --> 00:38:41,357
instating a new regime
without political parties,

525
00:38:41,564 --> 00:38:43,327
the 'New State.

526
00:38:43,533 --> 00:38:49,028
"In the Iberian nations predominated
a kind of political organization

527
00:38:49,239 --> 00:38:54,142
artificially supported by a foreign
power, which in modern days

528
00:38:54,344 --> 00:38:59,372
have been replaced by
military dictatorships."

529
00:39:00,717 --> 00:39:04,414
"Miúcha is born November 3Oth."

530
00:39:05,655 --> 00:39:10,718
"1938 - Sérgio moves to a house
on Atlântica Avenue,

531
00:39:10,927 --> 00:39:14,363
in front of former Posto 1,
at Leme.

532
00:39:14,564 --> 00:39:19,627
A modest house facing the sea.
Beautiful!"

533
00:39:20,536 --> 00:39:23,198
"With the extinction of the
Federal District University,

534
00:39:23,406 --> 00:39:25,874
Sérgio takes a position
at the Book Institute,

535
00:39:26,075 --> 00:39:29,010
recently founded
at the Ministry of Education,

536
00:39:29,212 --> 00:39:32,238
per invitation of its director
Augusto Meyer

537
00:39:32,448 --> 00:39:35,440
and heads the publications
department."

538
00:39:35,652 --> 00:39:39,383
"It is noteworthy that the fictitious
reformatory movements

539
00:39:39,589 --> 00:39:43,150
in Brazil were almost always
originated in the higher classes.

540
00:39:43,359 --> 00:39:47,989
They were both intellectually
and emotionally inspired."

541
00:39:48,965 --> 00:39:50,296
'The war begins."

542
00:39:50,500 --> 00:39:51,364
HITLER DECLARES WAR

543
00:39:51,567 --> 00:39:54,832
WE WILL FIGHT IN FRANCE AND IN
THE SEAS UNTIL FINAL VICTORY

544
00:39:55,038 --> 00:39:58,303
FRANCE AND ENGLAND
TO DECLARE WAR ON GERMANY

545
00:39:58,608 --> 00:40:02,908
Sérgio moves to an apartment
in Lido and soon Sergito is born,

546
00:40:03,112 --> 00:40:04,443
April the 2Oth.

547
00:40:05,415 --> 00:40:08,816
Sérgio becomes a close friend
to Otávio Tarquínio de Souza

548
00:40:09,018 --> 00:40:10,713
and Lúcia Miguel Pereira

549
00:40:10,920 --> 00:40:12,911
and creates the literature
review section

550
00:40:13,122 --> 00:40:15,181
in the "Diário de Notícias"
newspaper.

551
00:40:16,125 --> 00:40:17,649
The atmosphere
becomes very heavy...

552
00:40:17,860 --> 00:40:21,694
with the occupation
of Paris in 194O.

553
00:40:23,599 --> 00:40:26,090
1941 - Sérgio translates

554
00:40:26,302 --> 00:40:27,860
"Memórias de um Colono no Brasil",

555
00:40:28,071 --> 00:40:30,938
by the Swiss Thomas Davatz.

556
00:40:31,140 --> 00:40:33,267
"Per invitation by the
State Department,

557
00:40:33,476 --> 00:40:37,469
Sérgio travels to the United States
and visits New York, Washington,

558
00:40:37,680 --> 00:40:41,776
Chicago and
the University of Wyoming."

559
00:40:42,518 --> 00:40:47,421
1942 - ÁIvaro is born
January the 3rd.

560
00:41:01,070 --> 00:41:05,598
1943 - A joyful trip to
Belo Horizonte in a group

561
00:41:05,808 --> 00:41:08,333
put together by
Vinícius de Moraes.

562
00:41:08,544 --> 00:41:12,173
Along came Paulo Emílio
Sales Gomes."

563
00:41:12,382 --> 00:41:14,543
WAR!

564
00:41:15,318 --> 00:41:17,445
Sérgio stays in São Paulo
during the same period as

565
00:41:17,653 --> 00:41:20,178
Otávio Tarquínio and Lúcia.

566
00:41:20,390 --> 00:41:24,053
At a lunch offered by the
publisher José de Barros Martins

567
00:41:24,260 --> 00:41:26,820
Sérgio is introduced to
Antônio Cândido.

568
00:41:27,397 --> 00:41:29,422
Iwas born In Rlo de Janelro

569
00:41:29,632 --> 00:41:32,396
I'm a reservlst a Brazlllan

570
00:41:32,602 --> 00:41:35,230
My flag has been dlsrespected

571
00:41:35,438 --> 00:41:38,601
humlllated and affronted

572
00:41:38,808 --> 00:41:41,276
Independence or death

573
00:41:41,477 --> 00:41:45,106
1944 - Sérgio leaves the Book
Institute and takes a position

574
00:41:45,314 --> 00:41:49,307
at the National Library,
heading the research department,

575
00:41:49,519 --> 00:41:52,784
under the direction of
Rodolfo Garcia.

576
00:41:54,123 --> 00:41:57,524
Chico is born June 19th.

577
00:41:58,661 --> 00:42:02,392
Sérgio's "'Cobra de Vidro" is published
by Livraria Martins Publishing Co.

578
00:42:03,066 --> 00:42:05,864
Sérgio's "História do Brasil"

579
00:42:06,069 --> 00:42:08,299
with the collaboration
of Otávio Tarquínio

580
00:42:08,504 --> 00:42:10,597
is published by the José Olympio
Publishing Company.

581
00:42:11,140 --> 00:42:15,634
1945 - Sérgio's "Monções"
is published

582
00:42:15,845 --> 00:42:18,109
by Casa dos Estudantes do Brasil.

583
00:42:18,648 --> 00:42:21,617
Sérgio takes part in the
Author's Congress in São Paulo

584
00:42:21,818 --> 00:42:25,219
and underwrites the famous
'Declaration of Principles'

585
00:42:25,421 --> 00:42:27,446
against the dictatorship.

586
00:42:27,657 --> 00:42:30,558
Following the congress Sérgio
is elected president of the

587
00:42:30,760 --> 00:42:34,662
Rio de Janeiro division of the
Brazilian Authors' Association.

588
00:42:35,398 --> 00:42:37,992
"There are yet other traces
indicating that our intellectuality

589
00:42:38,201 --> 00:42:42,535
still displays its clearly
conservative and lordly mission.

590
00:42:42,738 --> 00:42:47,072
One of them is the notion that
real talent is spontaneous,

591
00:42:47,276 --> 00:42:50,268
innate, just like true nobility,

592
00:42:50,480 --> 00:42:54,007
since work and hard study
may lead to knowledge

593
00:42:54,217 --> 00:42:57,778
but resemble in their monotony
and repetitiveness

594
00:42:57,987 --> 00:43:00,785
the vile trades that
degrade man."

595
00:43:01,891 --> 00:43:05,452
Sérgio is one of the founders
of the Democratic Left Wing

596
00:43:05,661 --> 00:43:11,657
associating especially with
Castro Rebelo, Hermes Lima,

597
00:43:11,868 --> 00:43:18,467
Alceu Marinho do Rego,
Otávio Tarquínio, Gastão Cruls,

598
00:43:18,841 --> 00:43:22,277
Manuel Bandeira and
Guilherme Figueiredo.

599
00:43:22,979 --> 00:43:25,004
AT NIGHT THE WAR ENDED

600
00:43:26,215 --> 00:43:28,046
The war ends.

601
00:43:42,131 --> 00:43:44,031
The group of old friends
was growing.

602
00:43:44,233 --> 00:43:46,963
Ribeiro Couto, on leave from
the Foreign Affairs Ministry

603
00:43:47,170 --> 00:43:48,637
was a regular.

604
00:43:48,838 --> 00:43:53,366
Otto Maria Carpeaux was introduced
and quickly incorporated.

605
00:43:55,011 --> 00:43:57,673
Some were more serious
and circumspect:

606
00:43:57,880 --> 00:44:01,543
Otávio Tarquínio, Gastão Cruls,
Astrogildo Pereira,

607
00:44:01,751 --> 00:44:02,740
Henrique de Moraes...

608
00:44:03,085 --> 00:44:04,985
Augusto Frederico Schmidt.

609
00:44:05,188 --> 00:44:07,622
Gatherings at Aníbal Machado's
house...

610
00:44:07,823 --> 00:44:12,385
Eneida, Rubem Braga, Pedro Nava,
Rachel de Queiroz,

611
00:44:12,695 --> 00:44:16,324
Moacyr Werneck de Castro,
Carlos Lacerda,

612
00:44:16,666 --> 00:44:18,896
the bunch of bohemians
who spent the night

613
00:44:19,101 --> 00:44:21,661
on the terrace at the Alcazar.

614
00:44:22,238 --> 00:44:23,830
All of Sérgio's friends gathered

615
00:44:24,040 --> 00:44:25,940
for lunch at the
Brazilian Press Association.

616
00:44:26,142 --> 00:44:31,603
It became a political news
and rumor information center.

617
00:44:32,148 --> 00:44:34,343
Very enjoyable, and in the
afternoon, before going home

618
00:44:34,550 --> 00:44:37,610
they met at the Vermelinho,

619
00:44:37,820 --> 00:44:44,089
another information center,
a rendezvous, two nice things.

620
00:44:44,293 --> 00:44:48,161
And at night when we went out
we were very low profile.

621
00:44:48,364 --> 00:44:52,460
We'd go down here to Atlântica
Avenue, to the Okay,

622
00:44:52,668 --> 00:44:54,863
to the Alcazar...

623
00:44:55,171 --> 00:44:58,572
It was a period of rumors.
Rumors at lunch time

624
00:44:58,774 --> 00:45:01,709
at the BPA restaurant,
rumors all day long

625
00:45:01,911 --> 00:45:04,641
at the cafés near the
National Library.

626
00:45:07,116 --> 00:45:10,711
In August 1945 Getúlio Vargas
is deposed.

627
00:45:10,920 --> 00:45:13,946
Gather all your belonglngs

628
00:45:14,156 --> 00:45:18,650
your love and your rags

629
00:45:18,861 --> 00:45:21,557
gather all your belonglngs

630
00:45:21,764 --> 00:45:26,292
and get out of my Ilfe

631
00:45:26,769 --> 00:45:29,863
"During the monarchy it was
the slaveholding farmers

632
00:45:30,072 --> 00:45:34,270
and their sons, educated to be
liberal professionals,

633
00:45:34,477 --> 00:45:36,672
who monopolized the politics,

634
00:45:36,879 --> 00:45:40,007
being elected or forcing the
election of their candidates,

635
00:45:40,216 --> 00:45:42,878
controlling the parliaments,
the ministries,

636
00:45:43,085 --> 00:45:45,144
and generally all the
authoritative positions

637
00:45:45,354 --> 00:45:48,016
placing institutional stability

638
00:45:48,224 --> 00:45:50,920
within such indisputable domain."

639
00:45:51,794 --> 00:45:57,289
1946 - Following an absence
of approximately 25 years,

640
00:45:57,500 --> 00:46:00,333
Sérgio returns to São Paulo
taking a position

641
00:46:00,536 --> 00:46:02,436
as head of the Paulista Museum,
at the Ipiranga,

642
00:46:02,638 --> 00:46:05,607
per nomination by José Carlos
de Macedo Soares.

643
00:46:05,808 --> 00:46:09,437
Sérgio expands the museum's
activities creating

644
00:46:09,645 --> 00:46:14,673
the History, Ethnology, Numismatics,
and Linguistics divisions.

645
00:46:14,884 --> 00:46:19,253
Iwork very hard
but I earn very little money

646
00:46:19,455 --> 00:46:22,822
That's why my Ilfe
Is always a mess

647
00:46:23,025 --> 00:46:24,925
Iwork as a janitor

648
00:46:25,127 --> 00:46:27,118
I eat at Chlna's

649
00:46:27,330 --> 00:46:31,790
There's a zero mlsslng
In my paycheck

650
00:46:47,216 --> 00:46:51,175
"On the Piratininga plateau
a new instance

651
00:46:51,387 --> 00:46:53,218
in our national history is established.

652
00:46:53,422 --> 00:46:56,653
For the first time
the diffuse inertia

653
00:46:56,859 --> 00:47:00,124
of the colonial population
acquires a unique configuration

654
00:47:00,329 --> 00:47:02,820
and an articulate voice."

655
00:47:04,734 --> 00:47:08,033
Maria do Carmo is born
November 5th.

656
00:47:09,505 --> 00:47:15,273
1947 - Sérgio is elected
president of the Brazilian

657
00:47:15,478 --> 00:47:18,379
Authors' Association,
São Paulo division.

658
00:47:19,949 --> 00:47:24,545
The Democratic Left Wing
becomes the Socialist Party.

659
00:47:24,754 --> 00:47:27,382
Sérgio is presented as the
party's candidate for councillorship

660
00:47:27,590 --> 00:47:30,718
to complete the minimum number
of candidates necessary

661
00:47:30,926 --> 00:47:33,121
to form the slate.

662
00:47:35,131 --> 00:47:38,328
We dedicate, in general, little esteem

663
00:47:38,534 --> 00:47:42,868
to intellectual speculations,
and admire resonant phrases,

664
00:47:43,072 --> 00:47:44,937
spontaneous and abundant speeches,

665
00:47:45,141 --> 00:47:49,100
ostentatious erudition
and unusual expressions.

666
00:47:49,311 --> 00:47:52,747
Intelligence ought to be
an ornament and an endowment,

667
00:47:52,948 --> 00:47:55,348
not an instrument of knowledge
and fulfillment.

668
00:47:55,551 --> 00:47:58,918
The graduation ring and the
diploma can correspond

669
00:47:59,121 --> 00:48:02,056
to an authentic coat of arms."

670
00:48:23,379 --> 00:48:28,282
1948 - In addition to heading
the museum,

671
00:48:28,484 --> 00:48:32,716
Sérgio teaches Brazilian Social History
and Brazilian Economic History

672
00:48:32,922 --> 00:48:36,551
at the Sociology and Politics School.

673
00:48:36,759 --> 00:48:42,959
Sérgio's"'A Expansão Paulista
do Séc. XVI e Começo do Séc. XVIl"

674
00:48:43,165 --> 00:48:46,931
is published by the Economic
Sciences College at USP

675
00:48:49,438 --> 00:48:52,532
Ana Maria is born August 12th.

676
00:48:53,709 --> 00:48:58,669
1949 - Sérgio's
"'Índios e Mamelucos

677
00:48:58,881 --> 00:49:02,044
na Espansão Paulista" is published
in the museum's chronicles.

678
00:49:02,251 --> 00:49:04,242
Sérgio travels to France and Italy,

679
00:49:04,453 --> 00:49:07,217
makes a speech at Sorbonne
and takes part

680
00:49:07,423 --> 00:49:10,392
in two UNESCO
committees in Paris.

681
00:49:17,199 --> 00:49:20,635
Place the old man's portrait
back where it belongs

682
00:49:20,836 --> 00:49:24,067
Place the old man's portrait
back where it belongs

683
00:49:24,273 --> 00:49:27,367
The old man's smlle
encourages us to work

684
00:49:27,576 --> 00:49:31,876
I hereby promise to maintain,
defend and follow

685
00:49:32,081 --> 00:49:37,678
the constitution of the republic,
to observe its laws and promote

686
00:49:37,887 --> 00:49:43,052
general well-being in Brazil,
sustain its integrity

687
00:49:43,259 --> 00:49:44,851
and its independence.

688
00:49:46,929 --> 00:49:49,090
195O.

689
00:49:49,298 --> 00:49:51,061
Sérgio is reelected President

690
00:49:51,267 --> 00:49:55,397
of the Brazilian Author's Association,
São Paulo division.

691
00:49:55,604 --> 00:49:58,664
Sérgio travels to the USA
to participate in Washington

692
00:49:58,874 --> 00:50:02,275
in the first Portuguese-Brazilian
Studies Conference.

693
00:50:03,312 --> 00:50:05,041
"We can state that from Portugal

694
00:50:05,247 --> 00:50:08,182
we inherited our current
form of culture,

695
00:50:08,384 --> 00:50:13,287
the remaining matter had to
adjust to that form."

696
00:50:14,356 --> 00:50:18,417
Maria Cristina is born
December 23rd.

697
00:50:19,562 --> 00:50:21,689
Sérgio takes a leave of absence
from the Paulista Museum

698
00:50:21,897 --> 00:50:26,698
to teach Brazilian Studies
at the University of Rome.

699
00:50:26,902 --> 00:50:31,305
Sérgio also collaborates with the
Studi Brasiliane Institute.

700
00:50:31,507 --> 00:50:34,476
"Raízes do Brasil"
is published in Italian.

701
00:50:39,048 --> 00:50:44,884
As we were leaving Rome I said,
"This Sunday afternoon

702
00:50:45,087 --> 00:50:48,113
we should all do some sight-seeing
in Rome."

703
00:50:48,324 --> 00:50:51,452
So we took a bus and at a certain
point we signaled to get off.

704
00:50:51,660 --> 00:50:54,322
Six got off the bus,
but Sérgio remained in his seat.

705
00:50:54,530 --> 00:50:55,861
Then there was this discussion
with the driver,

706
00:50:56,065 --> 00:51:02,197
"Lady, six of you already got off."
"Yes, but we were in seven.

707
00:51:02,404 --> 00:51:05,635
There's always one missing!"

708
00:51:05,941 --> 00:51:09,638
THE COUNTRY MOURNS THE DEATH
OF PRESIDENT VARGAS

709
00:51:09,845 --> 00:51:13,303
THE COUNTRY IS UPSET
BY THE WEEPING OF ITS PEOPLE

710
00:51:16,518 --> 00:51:20,784
To every Brazlllan worker
he sald a soothlngword

711
00:51:20,990 --> 00:51:25,256
when hunger knocks at your door
my name wlll brlng you together

712
00:51:25,461 --> 00:51:29,659
my frlends wlll surely notlce
that at the rlght tlme I'll be there

713
00:51:29,865 --> 00:51:35,235
I am the people's eternal leader
and with my blood Iwell defend you

714
00:51:38,907 --> 00:51:41,102
he stated consclentlously

715
00:51:41,310 --> 00:51:43,301
to the people I bestow you
the reslstance

716
00:51:43,512 --> 00:51:45,537
my blood Is the remlsslon

717
00:51:45,748 --> 00:51:47,807
to all those who reslsted

718
00:51:48,017 --> 00:51:50,076
Iwlsh you all a glorlous
future

719
00:51:50,285 --> 00:51:52,310
my death Is a vlctory flag

720
00:51:52,521 --> 00:51:54,512
I leave Ilfe to enter hlstory

721
00:51:54,723 --> 00:51:58,056
and to hatred I respond
with forglveness

722
00:52:02,064 --> 00:52:04,123
he sald very well

723
00:52:04,333 --> 00:52:08,702
the people Iwas a slave to
wlll be no one else's slave

724
00:52:08,904 --> 00:52:12,704
he sald very well
the people Iwas a slave to

725
00:52:12,908 --> 00:52:16,537
wlll be no one else's slave

726
00:52:23,819 --> 00:52:29,883
"The great Brazilian revolution was
not accomplished at a given time.

727
00:52:30,092 --> 00:52:33,789
Rather it is a long process
that has lasted

728
00:52:33,996 --> 00:52:36,021
three quarters of a century."

729
00:52:38,367 --> 00:52:43,805
1955 - Back in Brazil Sérgio
resumes his position

730
00:52:44,006 --> 00:52:48,568
at the Paulista Museum and moves
to Henrique Schaumann street.

731
00:52:49,278 --> 00:52:53,305
Sérgio is appointed vice-director
of the Modern Art Museum,

732
00:52:53,515 --> 00:52:57,281
position he holds for the
six following years.

733
00:53:18,307 --> 00:53:22,710
1956 - "Raízes do Brasil"
is published in Spanish,

734
00:53:22,911 --> 00:53:27,109
"Raíces del Brasil", by the
Fondo de Cultura Economica

735
00:53:27,316 --> 00:53:28,874
in Mexico.

736
00:53:29,952 --> 00:53:32,443
1957.

737
00:53:33,322 --> 00:53:37,349
Sérgio teaches History
of the Brazilian Civilization

738
00:53:37,559 --> 00:53:40,255
at the Philosophy, Science,
and Literature College

739
00:53:40,462 --> 00:53:42,089
at the University of São Paulo.

740
00:53:43,298 --> 00:53:45,391
Sérgio's "Caminhos e Fronteiras"
is published by

741
00:53:45,601 --> 00:53:47,660
José Olympio Publishing Company.

742
00:53:49,338 --> 00:53:53,502
Sérgio moves to 35, Buri street,
in Pacaembu.

743
00:53:54,243 --> 00:54:00,273
1958 - Sérgio is admitted as
professor of History

744
00:54:00,482 --> 00:54:02,382
of the Brazilian Civilization
presenting as thesis

745
00:54:02,584 --> 00:54:06,645
"Visão do Paraíso",
published by the José Olympio

746
00:54:06,855 --> 00:54:08,755
Publishing Company
in a limited edition.

747
00:54:08,957 --> 00:54:15,624
This here is the first edition
of "Visão do Paraíso",

748
00:54:16,498 --> 00:54:20,195
the thesis, not the book.

749
00:54:20,402 --> 00:54:24,065
It says here,
Thesis presented for admission

750
00:54:24,273 --> 00:54:26,468
to the History of the Brazilian
Civilization professorship

751
00:54:26,675 --> 00:54:28,540
at the Philosophy, Science,
and Literature College

752
00:54:28,744 --> 00:54:31,542
at the University of São Paulo.

753
00:54:31,747 --> 00:54:35,444
Later he made some changes
to the thesis

754
00:54:35,651 --> 00:54:37,516
and published the book

755
00:54:37,719 --> 00:54:44,090
which was daddy's favorite book,
"Visão do Paraíso".

756
00:54:44,793 --> 00:54:46,784
Sérgio is awarded the
Edgar Cavalheiro Award

757
00:54:46,995 --> 00:54:50,692
grated by the National
Book Institute for his book

758
00:54:50,899 --> 00:54:56,929
"Caminhos e Fronteiras" as the best
analysis book published in 1957.

759
00:55:06,648 --> 00:55:09,913
196O - Sérgio outlines
and organizes

760
00:55:10,118 --> 00:55:12,712
"História Geral
da Civilização Brasileira"

761
00:55:12,921 --> 00:55:14,980
for the Difusão Européia do Livro
Publishing Company,

762
00:55:15,190 --> 00:55:19,593
task he undertakes until 1972.

763
00:55:20,362 --> 00:55:24,093
"In the endeavor to conquer
and colonize the new worlds

764
00:55:24,299 --> 00:55:28,565
the 'worker,' had a very limited
and almost insignificant role."

765
00:55:28,770 --> 00:55:29,896
JÂNIO RENOUNCES

766
00:55:34,977 --> 00:55:37,775
That year the first two volumes
of the series are published:

767
00:55:37,980 --> 00:55:42,144
"Época Colonial - Do Descobrimento
â Expansão Colonial",

768
00:55:42,351 --> 00:55:46,048
and "Administração,
Economia, Sociedade".

769
00:55:48,624 --> 00:55:54,256
1962 - Sérgio is appointed
head of the Organizing Committee

770
00:55:54,463 --> 00:55:57,330
of the Institute for
Brazilian Studies.

771
00:55:57,532 --> 00:56:01,229
Later he is elected director
of the same institute.

772
00:56:02,838 --> 00:56:07,707
D.E.L. Publishes the first volume
of the series "Brasil Monárquico:

773
00:56:07,910 --> 00:56:10,845
'Processo de Emancipação
na História Geral

774
00:56:11,046 --> 00:56:13,310
da Civilização Brasileira".

775
00:56:15,284 --> 00:56:18,981
1964 - The second volume

776
00:56:19,187 --> 00:56:23,055
of the "Brasil Monárquico" series is
published: "Dispersão e Unidade",

777
00:56:23,425 --> 00:56:29,853
We currently witness and will
probably witness for a long time

778
00:56:30,065 --> 00:56:33,330
the annihilation of
our culture's Iberian roots

779
00:56:33,535 --> 00:56:39,770
in favor of a new style,
which we christened 'American'

780
00:56:39,975 --> 00:56:44,207
since its traces are more rapidly
emphasized in our hemisphere.

781
00:56:44,413 --> 00:56:48,281
The old weary man put
hls wearlness aslde convlnced

782
00:56:48,483 --> 00:56:52,647
that he was young enough to walk
out on the balcony and danced

783
00:56:52,854 --> 00:56:56,255
the ugly lady leaned out
the wlndow

784
00:56:56,458 --> 00:57:01,191
convlnced that the band
was playlng for her

785
00:57:01,396 --> 00:57:05,355
the joyful song took over
the avenue and Inslsted

786
00:57:05,567 --> 00:57:09,594
the full moon that was always
clouded appeared

787
00:57:09,805 --> 00:57:12,672
my whole city adorned itself

788
00:57:12,874 --> 00:57:17,038
to watch the band pass by
slnglng love songs

789
00:57:17,245 --> 00:57:19,543
to watch the band pass by

790
00:57:19,748 --> 00:57:24,549
1968 - Sérgio,
invited once more by UNESCO

791
00:57:24,753 --> 00:57:28,280
participates in San Jose,
Costa Rica, in the same

792
00:57:28,490 --> 00:57:32,824
Latin American Studies Committee.

793
00:57:38,233 --> 00:57:40,827
"The establishment of a
democratic doctrine

794
00:57:41,036 --> 00:57:43,937
will only be effective among us

795
00:57:44,139 --> 00:57:49,338
when the antitheses
liberalism-caudillismo is overcome."

796
00:57:50,312 --> 00:57:54,942
1969 - On April 3Oth Sérgio
requests his retirement

797
00:57:55,150 --> 00:57:59,280
at the University of São Paulo
in solidarity to his colleagues

798
00:57:59,488 --> 00:58:03,754
who were compulsorily retired
the day before

799
00:58:03,959 --> 00:58:05,324
by the Institutional Act No. 5.

800
00:58:08,930 --> 00:58:14,163
Sérgio travels to Paraguay to research
documents related to Brazil.

801
00:58:14,836 --> 00:58:19,000
Sérgio writes the foreword to
"Cristãos-Novos, Jesuítas, Inquisição",

802
00:58:19,207 --> 00:58:21,471
by J. G. Salvador.

803
00:58:22,511 --> 00:58:24,570
Sérgio collaborates in a
publication that honors

804
00:58:24,780 --> 00:58:27,476
Rodrigo Melo Franco de Andrade.

805
00:58:43,498 --> 00:58:46,524
197O - Sérgio works at home.

806
00:58:49,871 --> 00:58:52,931
This revolution will not be victorious

807
00:58:53,141 --> 00:58:56,542
until the eradication
of the personalistic

808
00:58:56,745 --> 00:58:59,373
even though disguised
aristocratic foundations

809
00:58:59,581 --> 00:59:02,311
on which lies our social life.

810
00:59:03,418 --> 00:59:10,085
1971 - The fourth volume of the series
"Brasil Monárquico" is published:

811
00:59:10,292 --> 00:59:12,590
"Declínio e Queda do Império".

812
00:59:12,794 --> 00:59:17,595
1972 - The fifth volume of the series
"Brasil Monárquico" is published:

813
00:59:17,799 --> 00:59:19,198
"Do Império â República",

814
00:59:19,401 --> 00:59:22,837
which was entirely written by Sérgio.

815
00:59:23,038 --> 00:59:27,304
"História do Brasil"
didactic edition is published

816
00:59:27,509 --> 00:59:30,672
under Sérgio's guidance
and supervision.

817
00:59:30,879 --> 00:59:35,748
1973 - Sérgio travels to Italy,

818
00:59:35,951 --> 00:59:39,387
Greece, Turkey, Hungary, Austria,

819
00:59:39,588 --> 00:59:43,422
parts of Germany, Netherlands
England and France.

820
00:59:44,493 --> 00:59:47,053
1974...

821
00:59:47,262 --> 00:59:52,495
Tomorrow wlll be a new day

822
00:59:52,701 --> 00:59:55,829
Today you are the ruler

823
00:59:56,037 --> 01:00:02,067
whateveryou say
remalns undlsputed

824
01:00:02,277 --> 01:00:07,374
Now my fellows must talk
In concealment

825
01:00:07,582 --> 01:00:09,914
starlng at the ground

826
01:00:10,118 --> 01:00:13,918
you who created thls State

827
01:00:14,122 --> 01:00:19,082
who created all thls
gloomlness

828
01:00:19,828 --> 01:00:23,025
1975.

829
01:00:23,231 --> 01:00:27,167
"Vale do Paraíba,
Velhas Fazendas" is published.

830
01:00:27,369 --> 01:00:29,496
Sérgio writes the foreword to
"A Escravidão Africana no Brasil".

831
01:00:29,704 --> 01:00:32,036
Sérgio writes the foreword to
"O Fardo do Homem Branco".

832
01:00:32,240 --> 01:00:35,073
"A História da Civilização"
didactic edition is published.

833
01:00:35,277 --> 01:00:40,442
1976 - Sérgio writes the foreword
to "O Barão de Iguape".

834
01:00:40,649 --> 01:00:42,480
Sérgio writes the foreword to
"Tudo em Cor-de-rosa".

835
01:00:42,684 --> 01:00:46,745
Sérgio travels to Italy,
Czechoslovakia,

836
01:00:46,955 --> 01:00:47,944
Berlin and Paris.

837
01:00:48,156 --> 01:00:52,092
1977 - Sérgio writes the foreword to
"Escravidão Negra em São Paulo".

838
01:00:52,294 --> 01:00:54,228
Sérgio writes the foreword to
"Milícia Cidadã".

839
01:00:54,429 --> 01:00:56,761
Sérgio writes the foreword to "Cultura
e Sociedade no Rio de Janeiro".

840
01:00:56,965 --> 01:01:00,298
Sérgio is awarded the
State Governor Literature Award.

841
01:01:00,502 --> 01:01:06,441
1978 - Sérgio founds the
"Centro Brasil Democrático"

842
01:01:06,641 --> 01:01:08,268
and is appointed
its vice-president.

843
01:01:08,476 --> 01:01:09,465
Sérgio writes the foreword to

844
01:01:09,678 --> 01:01:12,203
"Livro do Tombo do Mosteiro
de São Bento em São Paulo".

845
01:01:12,414 --> 01:01:15,281
Sérgio publishes a revised
second edition of "Cobra de Vidro".

846
01:01:15,483 --> 01:01:19,044
"The Constitutions written so that
they wouldn't be followed,

847
01:01:19,254 --> 01:01:22,280
laws that exist to be violated,

848
01:01:22,490 --> 01:01:25,288
advantages for individuals
and privileged minorities

849
01:01:25,493 --> 01:01:29,054
are a common phenomenon
in South American history."

850
01:01:42,244 --> 01:01:45,111
Invested with the presidency,
President Figueiredo

851
01:01:45,313 --> 01:01:48,714
thanks his predecessor's words
and states,

852
01:01:48,917 --> 01:01:50,350
"It is my firm determination

853
01:01:50,552 --> 01:01:52,884
to make of this country
a democracy."

854
01:01:53,154 --> 01:01:55,748
"We would be living in the
middle of two worlds:

855
01:01:55,957 --> 01:02:00,860
One that is gone forever
and one that strives to be born."

856
01:02:05,567 --> 01:02:09,469
198O - Sérgio is one of the
founding members

857
01:02:09,671 --> 01:02:12,003
of the Labor Party,
(Partido dos Trabalhadores.)

858
01:02:13,108 --> 01:02:15,008
Sérgio is awarded
the Juca Pato Award,

859
01:02:15,210 --> 01:02:18,907
1979 Intellectual
of the Year Award,

860
01:02:19,114 --> 01:02:23,175
granted by the Brazilian Author's
Association and by the company

861
01:02:23,385 --> 01:02:26,183
Folha da Manhã, Inc.

862
01:02:26,521 --> 01:02:30,013
...from the moment
we resume work

863
01:02:35,432 --> 01:02:37,366
"The higher social expressions

864
01:02:37,567 --> 01:02:42,698
ought to be like an inseparable,
inherent outline.

865
01:02:43,039 --> 01:02:46,406
They emerge from specific
necessities

866
01:02:46,609 --> 01:02:49,703
and never from capricious
preferences.

867
01:02:49,913 --> 01:02:54,043
There is, however,
a perfidious and pretentious demon

868
01:02:54,250 --> 01:02:59,187
who insists on obscuring
these simple facts.

869
01:02:59,389 --> 01:03:02,381
Under its spell,
men see themselves different

870
01:03:02,592 --> 01:03:04,924
from what they really are
and establish new preferences

871
01:03:05,128 --> 01:03:06,857
and aversions.

872
01:03:07,063 --> 01:03:09,827
Seldom are these any good."

873
01:03:16,539 --> 01:03:20,305
Sérgio, in "Raízes do Brasil",
such an important book,

874
01:03:20,510 --> 01:03:25,413
was the first scholar
to demonstrate,

875
01:03:25,615 --> 01:03:28,140
without employing
the term immigration,

876
01:03:28,351 --> 01:03:32,481
take notice, without employing
the term immigration,

877
01:03:32,689 --> 01:03:34,589
he demonstrated
that republican Brazil

878
01:03:34,791 --> 01:03:37,021
was no longer the Portuguese Brazil.

879
01:03:37,227 --> 01:03:38,922
It was now the
neo-Brazilian Brazil.

880
01:03:39,129 --> 01:03:40,892
It was a Brazil made up by foreigners,

881
01:03:41,097 --> 01:03:43,463
by the Italians,
by the recently arrived Portuguese,

882
01:03:43,666 --> 01:03:46,567
by the Spanish, by the Germans,
by the Japanese.

883
01:03:46,770 --> 01:03:51,332
This new Brazil was a different
Brazil Sérgio had examined.

884
01:03:51,975 --> 01:03:53,067
This was a different Brazil.

885
01:03:53,276 --> 01:03:56,268
And this Brazil, whoever reads
"Raízes do Brasil" correctly

886
01:03:56,479 --> 01:03:58,470
will notice that he said
that this is the Brazil

887
01:03:58,681 --> 01:04:02,208
where the initiative
should belong to the people,

888
01:04:02,418 --> 01:04:05,012
it should be taken from the elite
and bestowed upon the people,

889
01:04:05,221 --> 01:04:06,882
because as Herbert Smith stated,

890
01:04:07,090 --> 01:04:11,151
the Brazilian people is much
superior to its elite,

891
01:04:11,361 --> 01:04:14,091
even physically, because it is
stronger and more beautiful

892
01:04:14,297 --> 01:04:16,788
than its elite, stated Herbert.

893
01:04:17,000 --> 01:04:19,992
So this book brings up an
interesting political implication,

894
01:04:20,203 --> 01:04:24,037
it marks the end of the nostalgia
for Portuguese values,

895
01:04:24,240 --> 01:04:26,208
without denying, obviously,
our Portuguese roots,

896
01:04:26,409 --> 01:04:28,468
which would be ridiculous,
but to also state that Brazil

897
01:04:28,678 --> 01:04:31,146
was not merely
a Portuguese inheritance.

898
01:04:31,347 --> 01:04:35,249
Brazil was a new entity
materialized by its immigration

899
01:04:35,451 --> 01:04:38,386
and according to Sérgio
Buarque de Holanda

900
01:04:38,588 --> 01:04:41,716
the most significant accomplishment
of the foreign immigration

901
01:04:41,925 --> 01:04:44,359
subsequent to the end
of the nineteenth century

902
01:04:44,561 --> 01:04:47,860
was the transition from
adventure to work.

903
01:04:48,765 --> 01:04:52,633
Portuguese Brazil was mainly
a Brazil of adventure

904
01:04:52,836 --> 01:04:55,634
the work being carried out
by the slaves.

905
01:04:56,339 --> 01:04:59,103
Post-immigration Brazil
is the Brazil of the free men

906
01:04:59,309 --> 01:05:01,675
in which the free men work.

907
01:05:05,014 --> 01:05:07,744
It is also impossible to number

908
01:05:07,951 --> 01:05:11,045
the articles he published
in newspapers, magazines,

909
01:05:11,254 --> 01:05:17,090
all the interviews he made,
all the manifestos he underwrote,

910
01:05:17,293 --> 01:05:19,124
all the pronouncements,

911
01:05:19,329 --> 01:05:21,763
all his attitudes that conveyed

912
01:05:21,965 --> 01:05:26,493
his ideas and his political
and social stance.

913
01:06:10,000 --> 01:06:14,000
Done by (c) dCd / July 2007

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